Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005) - Christmas Island (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005) z Christmas Island (2002)

	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2005)	Christmas Island (2002)

Administrative divisions	-	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	-	NA
Airports	-	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	-	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	-	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	-	The Settlement
Climate	tropical	tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline	74.1 km	80 km
Constitution	-	NA
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency	-	Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003.
Electricity - consumption	-	NA kWh
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	-	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	-	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	-	$NA
Exports - commodities	-	phosphate
Exports - partners	-	Australia, NZ
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	12 14 S, 123 05 E	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways	-	total: 140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry) paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$NA
Imports - commodities	-	consumer goods
Imports - partners	-	principally Australia
Independence	-	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	NA%
International organization participation	-	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	-	NA
Labor force - by occupation	-	tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.)
Languages	-	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms) elections: last held NA December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2002) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	-	NA
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	contiguous zone: 12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force	defense is the responsibility of Australia
National holiday	-	NA
Nationality	-	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	fish	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	-	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
People - note	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem	-
Political parties and leaders	-	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	none
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2005 est.)	474 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	-9% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Flying Fish Cove
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	1,000 (1997)
Railways	-	24 km to serve phosphate mines
Religions	-	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	-	NA
Telephone system	-	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	NA
Television broadcast stations	-	NA
Terrain	low with sand and coral	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	-	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	-	NA%
Waterways	-	none

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